ISSN: 2056-3736 (Online Version) | 2056-3728 (Print Version)

An Analysis of the Covered Warrants listed on the Athens Exchange

Costas Siriopoulos and Athanasios P. Fassas

Correspondence: Costas Siriopoulos, Konstantinos.Syriopoulos@zu.ac.ae

College of Business, Zayed University, U.A.E

pdf (1904.55 Kb) | doi:

Abstract

The particular study is the first academic attempt to review a new financial instrument, the covered warrants, which were listed for trading in the Athens Exchange within the framework of the recapitalization of the three systematic Greek banks (Alpha Bank, National Bank of Greece and Piraeus Bank) in the summer of 2013. In particular, we discuss the basic characteristics of these instruments and we examine their pricing efficiency during the fifteen months of their listing. The empirical results suggest that the Greek warrants market is inefficient as the three listed contracts are systematically underpriced compared to their theoretical value based on the historic realized volatility of the underlying shares. Furthermore, a dynamic delta-hedged warrant portfolio yields significant cumulated gains that exceed the risk-free rate.

Keywords:

  Warrants, Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model, Greek banks, Implied volatility, Delta hedging


References

Athens Exchange (2013) Information Memorandum Methodology for the calculation of the Theoretical Price for Bermudan Style Covered Warrants. Version 1.0 – May 17, 2013.

Bakshi, G. and Kapadia, N.(2003) Delta-hedged gains and the negative market volatility risk premium. Review of Financial Studies,16(2), pp.527-566.

Bakshi, G., Cao, C., and Chen, Z. (2000) Do call prices and the underlying stock always move in the same direction?.Review of Financial Studies, 13(3), pp. 549-584.

Bank of Greece (2012) Report on the recapitalisation and restructuring of the Greek banking sector. December 2012.

Black, F. and Scholes, M. (1973)The pricing of options and corporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy, 81, pp.637-659.

Chang, E. C., Luo, X., Shi, L., and Zhang, J. E. (2013) Is warrant really a derivative? Evidence from the Chinese warrant market. Journal of Financial Markets, 16(1), pp.165-193.

Coleman, T.F., Kim, Y. Li, Y. and Verma, A. (2001)Dynamic hedging with a deterministic local volatility function model. Journal of Risk, 4(1), pp. 63-89.

Cox, J.C., Ross, S.A. and Rubinstein, M. (1979) Option pricing: a simplified approach. Journal of Financial Economics, 7, pp.229-264.

Derman, E., Kani, I. and Zou, J . (1996) The local volatility surface: Unlocking the information in index option prices. Financial Analysts Journal 52(4), pp.25–36.

Poterba, J. M. and Summers, L. H. (1988) Mean reversion in stock prices: Evidence and implications. Journal of Financial Economics, 22(1), pp. 27-59.

Vähämaa, S. (2004) Delta hedging with the smile. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 18(3), pp.241-255.

Versendaal, J. (2008) Upper bounds for the value of Bermudan options. ABNAMRO Product Development Group.